馆藏文物保存环境研究的发展与现状

随着对预防性保护理念的深入理解,馆藏文物保存环境研究已成为国内外文物保护科技工作中不可或缺的重点领域.为此聚焦国际博物馆环境研究的最新动向,重点介绍近年来我国在馆藏文物保存环境监测、检测、评估、调控等方面取得的研究成果,并对“十二五”期间馆藏文物保存环境研究的发展方向进行了展望.     

中国青铜器中的锌

锌在早期中国青铜器中是一种相当有意思的元素,它不仅可作为一个技术研究的线索,同时也是年代考证的标志。基于原始的熔炼方法,一些早期的青铜器似乎含有较可观的锌。随着坩埚精炼技术的发展,商中期前后青铜器中的锌消失了。在汉代的青铜器中少量的锌重又出现,对欧亚草原一带的青铜器,以及一些青铜带钩及礼器的分析,均表明在汉代的青铜器中含有少量的锌,锌含量较高（大于０．７５％）者则意味着是伪器或是以后的仿制品。晚期的中国青铜器（雕塑和钱币）显示锌含量逐渐增加,从那时直至现代,青铜和黄铜都是被明确区分为二种不同的合金。     

文物展柜密封性能检测方法研究

The ventilation rate of a museum showcase is an important indicator for evaluating its sealing performance. In order to evaluate the ventilation rate of a showcase accurately, objectively and scientifically, some details of the detection and evaluation methods were comprehensively studied on the basis of GB/T 36110—2018. The results show that in order to achieve a better fitting effect, the carbon dioxide concentration outside a showcase should be fixed—a fixed concentration between 300 X 10 and 600 X 10 (volume fraction) had little influence on the fitting results. The average ventilation rate of the showcase at each moment was obtained by the numerical calculation method. When the detection time was short, values were unstable and fluctuated greatly; after stabilization, they were close to the fitted ventilation rates. The initial carbon dioxide concentration had a great influence on the fitting results of ventilation rate. The initial concentration of carbon dioxide gas in a showcase should be basically fixed between 20 000 X 10" and 25 000 X 10 ~ (volume fraction) during detection, so that the testing results were comparable. The carbon dioxide mixture in the airtight showcase is relatively uniform, and no obvious dip occurred. The location of detection equipment has little influence on the fitting results of ventilation rate. If the fitted R reaches 0. 9, the results are considered valid, due to various errors in the detection process. © 2023, Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology. All Rights Reserved.     

馆藏文物预防性保护风险管理的实践与思考——以上海博物馆为例

馆藏文物预防性保护工作在我国经过了二十余年的系统性研究和应用实践,已经取得了重大进步。近年来,上海博物馆在预防性保护工作中引入风险管理理念,通过明确环境信息、风险评估、风险应对和监督检查的流程,降低文物风险,保障文物安全。本文以上海博物馆的两个临时展览为例,从环境信息统计分析、湿度阈值设定与调控策略选择、材料环境安全性评估、展柜密封性能要求等方面阐述了馆藏文物预防性保护风险管理工作的应用实践和研究思考。