新砦聚落考古的回顾与展望——纪念新砦遗址发掘30周年

经过30年来的发掘和研究,新砦遗址在文化谱系研究、聚落形态研究、多学科合作研究等方面取得了一定成绩。二里头文化第一期不会是夏文化的上限,新砦期也不会是最早的夏文化。如果要追寻早期夏文化就必须到比新砦二期文化更早的龙山时代遗存中去寻找。在新砦遗址找到了城墙、护城河、内壕、外壕以及大型建筑。新砦遗址所在的溱洧流域自旧石器时代已经有人类居住,裴李岗文化时期已经出现较发达的农业,仰韶文化前期,聚落得到较快的发展,仰韶文化后期,聚落分化明显加剧,到了龙山时代开始出现城址,至新砦二期终于出现了都邑性质的原始城堡,二里头文化时期中心聚落似乎迁往它处,至东周时期再度繁荣。

Retrospect and Prospect of Settlement Archaeology in Xinzhai:Commemorationof the 30th Anniversary of Xinzhai Site

After 30 years of excavation and research, the researches of the Xinzhai site such as the cultural genealogy research, settlement morphology studies, multi -disciplinary collaborative research have been achieved. The first phase of the Erlitou culture isn＇ t the upper limit of the Xia culture, and the Xinzhai period isn＇t the earliest period of the Xia culture. The early Xia culture should be found in Longshan culture remains. Some important sites of wall, moat and large buildings were found in Xinzhai site. Since the Paleolithic Age human beings has habituated in the Qin and Wei River valley. The Peiligang culture has emerged the more developed agriculture. In the early period of the Yangshao culture, the settlements rapid development, and settlement division have worsened in the late period of the Yangshao culture. In the Longshan culture the city sites appeared and the large - scale city （ similarly capital） emerged in the second period of Xinzhai site. The core settlement seemed to be moved to another place in Erlitou culture period and renewed prosperity in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.