元管治:规范化的自组织协调机制——元管治与我国城市规划公众参与组织形式的构建

自1980年代初以来,管治(Governance)思潮已经在西方社会汹涌澎湃,社会、经济、政治、文化等领域受到其巨大冲击。在城市规划的具体实践中,如何在众多利益共同发挥作用的领域中取得一致的认同,这有赖于对管治的认识与理解。作为管治重要理论之一的元管治(meta-governance)理论在西方社会有着深刻而广泛的影响。本文通过对规范化的自组织协调机制--元管治的探究,试图以元管治为理论基础建立我国城市规划的公众参与组织形式和保障机制,从而在规划决策中发挥持久作用。

META-GOVERNANCE: SELF-ORGANIZING HETERARCHY--Meta-Governance and Public Participation of Urban Planning in China

Either the developing country or the developed country has reformed outdated and irrational rules and regulations since 1980. Governance has increasingly become a global subject, and rapidly penetrated the concrete activities into sociology, economics, culture, etc. Currently, Chinese cities and regions are experiencing dual restructuring under marketization and globlization, which raises unresolved policy and administration issues relating to the urban planning, especially in public participation. This article introduces the theory of meta-governance which is so-called Self-organizing Institution and wants to construct the public participation in Chinese urban planning. The article is divided into three parts. The first part focuses on discussions of what governance means, both in contemporary and historical terms and the development of governance. In the end of this part, the author emphasizes the theory of meta-governance, which is about the relationship among human net, organization net and system net. The second part then examine through the public participation of Chinese urban planning and find many problems in public participation. Consequently, the third part is the rethinking of public participation. Based on the theory of meta-governance, the author tries to set up a new organization of public participation that is called the commission of urban planning. This commission consists of two sector:the none-government organization(NGO) and government organization(GO). The NGO includes the public, private organizations and specialists. The relationship between them, contributing to improve the quality of planning, is constructed. Through analyzing NGO and GO's different roles and delegating the different goods of organizations or persons in urban planning, the operation of the commission is also imagined. In order to improve the commission's authority, the article provides the insurance systems which are economy system, organization system and law system for the commission. At the same time, the article involves in establishing the partnerships, networks, varied patterns of service delivery, diminishing returns to government and ungovernability in urban planning.