汉代豪民研究论纲

汉代豪民在类型上可划分为工商豪民和乡里豪民。汉武帝官营工商以前，工商豪民是豪民阶层的主体，在其发展过程中尽管伴生了兼并土地、骄横不法等问题，但对社会经济发展起到的推动作用是主要的。官营工商之后，豪民经济结构发生逆转，乡里豪民成为豪民阶层的主体，田宅逾制、豪民役使、豪民私债等社会问题日益严重。随着豪民经济实力的增强，也开始不断以自身的存在影响国家政策、法令的调整，逐渐改善自己的地位，进而踏上仕途，上升为公卿士大夫，演变为门阀士族。

An Outline of the Elite in the Han Dynasty

The elite in the Han Dynasty can be divided into commercial elite and farm elite.Before official management of commerce in the Han Dynasty,commercial elite was the main body of the commercial elite.Their growth involved land annexation and other illegal arrogant activities,they played,however,an important role in the social and economic development.After the beginning of official management of commerce,the economic structure of the elite underwent great changes and the farm elite achieved their social dominance and the issues of much too much land annexation,slavery and private debt became gradually all the more serious.As they increased their economic power,their social status strengthened and began to exert great influence upon national policy,law making and finally became bureaucrat nobility.