90年代重庆零售商业离心化研究

本文以重庆市近郊区为研究区域,通过对近郊区与中心区社会商品零售额总量和增长率的比较以及对近郊区零售商业中心的特征分析,发现90年代中期开始出现商业离心化的迹象。商业离心化的出现是宏观环境以及中心区与近郊区推拉力机制共同作用的结果。目前的商业离心化尚处于萌芽阶段,是市场经济下的自觉行为,但不同于计划经济下的均衡分布,离心化发展速度较慢,主要发生在各郊区商业中心,中心区的商业优势仍然很突出。商业离心化势不可挡,近郊中心与中心区的竞争将更加激烈,中心商业区和郊区商业中心应各有侧重地发展

STUDY ON THE RETAIL COMMERCIAL DECENTRALIZATION OF CHONGQING IN 1990s

Retail commercial decentralization implicates the ration of the number of commercial companies, employees, profit and the like decreases in central district but increases in suburban. That is to say, commerce gradually extends from central district to suburban with the expansion of urban areas. However, this kind of decentralization is not at the cost of decline of commerce in central district. Commerce in central district is still vigorous with the rapid development of commerce in suburban, but its growth rate is slower than that of suburban. The occurrence of retail commercial decentralization results from macro conditions and push pull forces between central district and suburban. The macro conditions include the rapid urbanization, impetus of market economy, governmental encouragement and stimulus of consumption. The push pull forces include the attraction of suburban and repulsion of central district. The attraction of suburban comes from suburbanization of population, not as fierce competition as in central district, cheap land price compared with central district, and the improvement of transportation and infrastructure. Present decentralization is in original stage. It has following characteristics: The developing time of decentralization is short. The developing level of decentralization in individual district relates with consumption level, population, planning of commercial district and its distance from central district. The speed of decentralization is a little bit slow and decentralization focuses in the centers of suburban district, which have little influence on other community centers. The predominance of central district is still outstanding; its share in market just slowly declines. Such decentralization is not the same with balanced distribution under planned economy; it is a conscious behavior under market economy. The suburbanization of population and decentralization of commerce from 1990s intensify the scattering development of urban structure of Chongqing. It is approached that commercial decentralization is irresistible. The inner suburban commercial centers will grow more quickly than center district, but also compete fiercer with center district. The central commercial district and the suburban commercial centers should have individual emphasis on development. Decision on commercial investment should be made with discretion.