非物质文化遗产知识产权保护研究进展

近年来,关于如何建立有效的保护非物质文化遗产知识产权法律机制,建构相应的规则体系和理念基石,成为国内外学术界、实务界讨论的热门话题。本文在对国内外非物质文化遗产知识产权保护研究成果梳理的基础上,通过分析日本、韩国、法国、意大利等国家非物质文化遗产知识产权法律保护以及我国关于知识产权保护的立法实践,从研究非物质文化遗产概念、性质,国内非物质文化遗产保护现状入手,对非物质文化遗产知识产权保护的正当性,非物质文化遗产知识产权的权利主体、保护客体以及非物质文化遗产知识产权保护模式等方面进行归纳与总结,进而提出在非物质文化遗产可以采用或借鉴知识产权保护模式进行保护的前提下,将非物质文化遗产划入现行知识产权法的保护范围,在现有法律框架基础上确立社区或族群作为知识产权主体的权利,以及采取"适度原则",在现行知识产权框架内创设一种"传统资源权"等观点。

THE PROGRESS OF RESEARCH INTO THE PROPERTY RIGHT PROTECTION OF INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE

With the development of the society, the preservation of the diminishing intangible cultural heritage has become a top concern of the government and as a result, it has been placed on the top of the national agenda. In the past, experts and specialists tended to focus their study on the theory instead of the operational and feasible research owing to its endangerment and particularity. Therefore, there was a great lack of the research into the legal protection of the property right of the intangible cultural heritage. However, in recent years, there is a big change. Both academic scholars and businessmen at home and abroad have directed their attention onto the discussion on how to set up an effective legal mechanism for the property right protection and how to construct the corresponding regulations and concept of the intangible cultural heritage. This paper aims to provide a survey of the righteousness, the subject of the right, the object of the protection, and the protection modes on the basis of the present research in and out of China, through an analysis of the legal protection of the property right of the intangible cultural heritage in Japan, Korea, France, and Italy, etc., and the practice of legal protection of the property right in China. Hence this paper assumes that it's plausible to put the intangible cultural heritage under the present property right protection on the premises that the property right protection be used for reference. The community or the clan may be considered as the subject of the property right within the framework of the present law system so as to establish a kind of "legacy resource right" within the framework of the present property right in line with the "moderate principle".