甘肃崇信于家湾西周墓出土青铜器的金相与成分分析

为探索先周时代以至西周初年周人的活动地域和陇东地区先周文化的发展历史,运用光学金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪,对甘肃崇信于家湾出土的先周至西周早中期16件青铜器的金相组织、合金成分和制作工艺进行研究。发现有13件为低锡青铜,3件为高锡青铜;就制作材质而言,共有锡青铜5件,铅锡青铜8件,铅青铜、CuS- nPbAs四元合金和CuSnPbFe四元合金各1件;其中4件经热锻加工制成,12件为铸造加工制成。5件铜盆中的4件是目前经金相分析确认的最早的锻打成形青铜容器。本工作为甘肃地区先周至西周时期青铜器和青铜文化研究提供了重要的科学信息。

Metallographical and element analysis on the bronzes of Western Zhou Dynasty excavated from Yu Jia-wan,Gansu Province

The metallographic microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometry (SEM-DES)were employed to investigate the bronzes of early period of Western Zhou dynasty(11th-8th B.C.) excavated from Yu Jia-wan,Gansu Province.Among the sixteen bronze artifacts,there were five tin bronzes,eight lead-tin bronzes,one lead bronze,one arsenic lead bronze and one iron lead bronze.Four basins were forged,and another one basin was cast then heated incompletely.Other twelve bronzes have the casting microstructure.These four basins are the earliest forged containers that have been examined so far in China.The results provided a large number of important and useful information to the archaeologists.