兰州城市居民意象空间及其结构研究

通过问卷的方式对兰州城市居民的意象空间进行了调查,从266份认知地图中提取和统计相关数据,据此分析了兰州城市居民空间认知的基本类型、构成要素和发展阶段。研究表明,兰州城市居民空间认知的基本类型不仅包括西方学者提出的序列型与空间型,而且还包括单体型;空间认知的构成要素并没有超出Lynch提出的5种:道路、边界、区域、节点和标志物,但各要素所占比重要相对均衡一些;就空间认知的发展阶段而言,初、中级的连接发展阶段和邻里描绘阶段所占比重高达96.61%,说明居民对兰州城市的空间认知水平普遍较低。最后,根据各种地物和要素出现的频率概括出了兰州城市的意象空间结构,发现它与现实中兰州城市空间格局及其重点十分相似。

IMAGE SPACE AND ITS STRUCTURE OF URBAN RESIDENTS IN LANZHOU CITY

Urban image space is the cognitive space based on residents' direct or indirect experience in the surroundings, and is also the space of "subjective environment" in residents' mind. To analyze urban structure by image space is one of the research methods on the spatial structure of modern city. Well avoiding the disadvantage of neglect of residents' status and functions in traditional city planning and construction, the method is helpful to plan and design a city with the consideration of humanism, therefore the harmony between man and city can be established, accordingly it is also one of the most popular method in modern city planning and designing in western countries. This paper examines the image space and its structure of residents in the city of Lanzhou which is a typical valley-city, and has a rather unique city landscape. As a result of the grand western development program, a new urban image of Lanzhou is in the process of forming. Therefore, to study the urban image space of Lanzhou city, discuss the city image in people's mind, and provide theoretical base for urban planning and designing are quite necessary. The authors investigate the image space of urban residents in Lanzhou by questionnaire, and get 266 cognitive maps. Then the authors analyze the basic types,the constitutive factors, and the development stages of space cognition. The research shows that the basic types of Lanzhou residents' image space include not only the sequentially and spatially cognitive maps developed by western scholars, but also the individually cognitive maps. The constitutive factors do not go beyond the five factors developed by Kevin Lynch, which are road, border, district, node and sign. In the development stages of spatial cognition, the elementary and medium stages, which means the residents' space cognition level in Lanzhou city is low relatively. Based on the regional objects and the emergence frequency of regional elements recorded on the cognitive maps of urban residents, the authors generalize the general image framework of spatial structure in Lanzhou city in which parts of Kevin Lynch's urban image theory are proved in Lanzhou city.