文物保护中杀菌剂与抗菌纳米材料应用研究进展

微生物极易附着并不断侵蚀各类文物，但用于高效去除或预防微生物损害的物理和化学方法却相对有限，通常很难有效清洁以及阻止微生物在露天环境文物上的重新定殖。在文物保护领域，使用抗菌纳米材料近年来逐渐成为一种新型环保技术。本工作总结了文物微生物退化防治的研究现状及发展趋势，梳理了杀菌剂、天然抗菌剂、精油熏蒸剂和新型纳米抗菌材料在文物保护中的应用研究，对比分析了不同类型杀灭剂的作用机制及其效果差异，指出了纳米材料的应用潜力及存在的不足。本研究结果可为文物保护修复中微生物病害防治提供参考和借鉴，对于文物微生物防控材料的研发和应用技术发展具有一定推动作用。

Advances in biocides and antimicrobial nano-materials applied in cultural heritage conservation

Microorganisms are ubiquitous on cultural heritage objects and historical architectures. Unfortunately, physical and chemical methods are relatively limited in terms of efficient prevention or removal of microbial damage for heritage items in that the available methods are generally inadequate to clean and prevent recolonization on open-air cultural heritage objects. In the field of cultural heritage conservation, the use of antimicrobial nano-materials has gradually become a new and environmentally friendly technology. This paper summarizes the current situation and developmental trends of research on the prevention and control of biodeterioration of cultural heritage objects, reviews the application of chemical biocides, natural antimicrobial agents, essential oil fumigants and new antimicrobial nano-materials in the conservation of cultural relics, analyzes the differences and mechanisms in the effects of various biocides on targeted cultural relics, and lists the potential for application and existing deficiencies of different nano-materials. This paper would not only provide a valuable reference for the management of microbial deterioration in the conservation and restoration of cultural relics, but also promote the research and development of microbial control materials and their application technologies for cultural heritage conservation.