交通贸易与明代山东土地开发

交通与贸易是影响土地开发的两个重要因素。明代山东各地虽然都不同程度地开展了一些贸易活动,并且也或多或少地促进了当地土地的开发,但总体来看,多数地区仍面临着因交通贸易相对欠发达而造成的土地开发受阻的事实。具体而言,各地又有所差别,地处东部沿海的青州、莱州、登州三府因在交通与贸易方面皆远远落后于地处西部运河沿岸的济南、兖州、东昌三府,因此交通贸易对土地开发的限制较西三府表现得更为突出。有鉴于东三府交通贸易严重阻碍土地开发的现状,任职于当地的一些官员提出了实行海上自由贸易及开通胶莱河等主张。

Impacts of Traffic and Trade upon Land Exploitation in Shandong Area in Ming Dynasty

Traffic and trade are two important impacts upon land exploitation. In the Ming Dynasty, trade activities that developed to different degrees in every region of the Shandong area had more or less boosted the local land exploitation. But as a whole, the undeveloped traffic and trade in many regions restricted the development of land exploitation. In fact, there was a difference between every region. Because the traffic and trade in Qingzhou, Laizhou and Dengzhou lying to the east were less developed than those of Jinan, Yanzhou and Dongchang which lie along the canal bank in the west of Shandong, the restriction of traffic and trade upon land exploitation in the former was more serious. For such reasons, some local officials put forward the opinions of free trade at sea and dredging Jiaolai-canal.