开疆文化在海南传播的方言印证研究

虽然移民在新地久居之后,在社会生活、风俗习惯方面可能会受到新地居民的影响而变得一致或近似,但是仍然可以依循口语、基本词汇的称谓等方言方面残存的某些特征,追寻出这些移民的出发地,进而了解文化传播、扩散的相关规律。海南岛作为一个文化发展较为晚近的岛屿,其文化的外源性十分突出,即在黎族本底文化的基础上,由汉、苗、壮、回等民族文化,以及近代华侨文化、农垦文化、西方文化等多种文化的长期相互碰撞、整合生成的一种具有独特个性的文化类型。文章在界定海南文化是一种开疆文化的基础上,通过对海南方言的形成、特点、演变、地域分布等内容的分析,解释现存海南方言的存在系完全源自历史时期开疆文化的不断传播和扩散,从而对海南开疆文化的传播作出相应的印证。

SPREADING AND DIFFUSION OF THE FRONTIER PIONEERING CULTURE VERIFIED BY DIALECT IN HAINAN ISLAND

Immigrant settling for many years may be so strongly influenced by local culture that we cannot tell their descendants apart easily from natives, according to some characteristic of social behavior and folk customs. But some residual ingredients of spoken language and basic vocabulary former immigrant often used have been inherited and still have been using today, which can help us trace back the immigrant's descent and get to know the laws of spreading and diffusion of culture. As a latish culture-developed island far away from mainland, its culture of Hainan Island have strong outer language orientated peculiarity. That is, the culture of Hainan Island is a kind of distinct cultural that integrated highly, which is on the basis of a native background culture called as "li culture", took in a lot of nutritive value from mamy other peculiar culture, such as "han culture", "miao culture", "zhuang culture", "hui culture", and modern culture developed by overseas Chinese, agricultural reclaimation culture, western culture etc. as well. In this paper, we can know that Hainan Culture is one kind of frontier pioneering cultures which is a outcome of Hainan's peroidic developments. And we find out the truth that the present Hainan dialects result from the continuous spreading and diffusion of frontier pioneering cultures in the couse of Hainan development, by aalyzing the peculiarity and distribution of Hainan dialects, and by studying spreading and diffusion of Hainan culture, by tracing out the development and evolution of Hainan culture. All these help us analyses the function of verification to the spreading and diffusion of frontier pioneering culture by dialect. That is to say, practicality of a special kind of culture and its propaganda often have decisive influence on cultural spreading and inheritance. These dialects emerging in a place become popular regionally and a distinctly directive sign, which is enough to clearly indicate characterisics of immigrant activity. Dialect is a mirror of immigrant history and the latter is a source of dialect. We can sort out clear line of transplantation and evolution and forming of Hainan dialects, on the basis of studying the dialect family-tree, which help us understand the interrelationship between immigration in the course of developing frontier areas and current dialects.