Calculations and ground-based observations of pulsed proton events in the dayside aurora |
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| Institution: | 1. The University Courses on Svalbard, N-9170 Longyearbyen, Svalbard;2. Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, U.S.A.;3. The Auroral Observatory, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway;1. Department of Business Administration, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel;2. Department of Economics, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel;1. Astronomy, Space Science and Meteorology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt;2. Basic Science Department, Canadian International College, Cairo, Egypt;3. Sorbonne Université, Ecole polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Université Paris Saclay, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), 75005, Paris, France;4. Department of ECE, KL Deemed to be University, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522303, India;5. Faculty of Navigation Science and Space Technology, Beni-Suef University, Egypt;6. Institue of Basic and Applied Science, Egypt Japan University of Science and Technology, Alexandria, Egypt;1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands;2. Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, PO box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands;3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands;4. Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands;1. Institue of Basic and Applied Science, Egypt Japan University of Science and Technology, Alexandria, Egypt;2. Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research (ISEE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan;3. Space Weather Monitoring Center, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt;4. Mathematics & Engineering Physics Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Egypt |
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| Abstract: | A procedure is established to evaluate the Balmer excitation rates of Hα and Hβ to produce the corresponding volume emission rates versus height, using semi-empirical range relations of protons in air. The calculations are carried out with identified ion-energy particle spectra of the dayside aurora obtained by low altitude satellites. The calculated emission intensities of Hα and Hβ indicate that they are indeed observable by ground-based optical detection. Measurements of the dayside aurora from Nordlysstasjonen in Adventdalen, Svalbard, are discussed in relation to these calculations. Periodic bursts of auroral Hα and Hβ emissions are observed in the dayside aurora by ground-based photometers and spectrometers. The mean period between proton events is found to be 10 min on average. Furthermore, it is found that when the time between successive bursts decreases, the emission ratio of Hα and Hβ fluctuates indicating a step-like behaviour in the primary initial proton energy. |
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