现代大众政治的兴起与其欧洲国际政治效应

以选民范围急剧扩大为主要的直接由来，中、西欧国家政治在19世纪末至20世纪初年普遍转变为现代大众政治。与此相伴，公众舆论对国家对外政策的影响变得显和频繁；各类(特别是殖民、经济和军事三类)利益集团积极干预甚至操纵对外政策的形成；很大程度上植根于大众非理性情感、并且多半由大众传媒表述和助长的极端民族主义和帝国主义则构成欧洲及世界政治中的一大恶性力量。总之，现代大众政治的兴起是欧洲传统外交和国际政治变更的一项重要原因。

The Rise of Modern Mass Politics and Its Effects on the European International Relations

Originated directly and primarily from the dramatic expansion of the extent of electorate in the late 19~(th)and early 20~(th) century, politics in the Central and Western European states were transformed into modern mass politics with no exception. With this development, the influence of public opinion upon foreign policy became remarkable and occurred frequently. Various interest groups, especially those in colonial,economic, and military nature, interfered very actively and even manipulated the formation of foreign policy. The ultranationalism and imperialism expressed and promoted largely by mass media became a major evil force in the international politics of both Europe and the world. In a word,the rise of modern mass politics was an very important cause of the transformation of European traditional diplomacy and international politics.