上海私营金融业的联合之路:由联合放款、联合经营到联合管理

1949年5月上海解放后,不同层次的私营金融业在走向公私合营的共同目标中,所需的时间、具体的过程有着较大的区别。上海私营金融业曾两次组织对生产与其他经济事业的联合放款,此外规模较大的银行较早实现了公私合营,而数十家中小行庄公司则通过组成四个联营集团进行多种业务的联合经营并逐步过渡到两个联合总管理处,实现了从业务到人事、财务、组织多种形式的联合管理,最后在条件成熟的时候与大银行共同组成统一的公私合营银行。政府对上海地区数量众多的私营金融机构采取了导向联放、联营和联管的循序渐进的谨慎政策,是符合整个中国金融业历史实际的正确之举,体现了中国私营金融业社会主义改造的历史必然性和复杂性。

The joint road of Shanghai's Private Financial industry:How They Joined Forces from Joint Lending to Joint Operation and then to Joint Management

After the city's liberation in May, 1949, Shanghai's private financial industry at different levels spend different periods of time and underwent different concrete processes on their way to the common goal of joint state-private ownership. On two occasions, they pooled their resources for joint lending to productive and other economic undertakings. A few banks of more or less considerable magnitude were quite soon turned into joint state-private enterprises, whereas dozens of middle or small financial houses joined forces into four joint multiple-business bodies, which later on turned gradually into two general management centers, thus achieving multi-form joint management from business to human resources to financial matters to organization structure, so that finally, when conditions were ripe, they were merged into united state-private banks together with other large banks. The government, for its part, proceeded correctly in keeping with the historical reality of China's financial world by adopting the prudent policy of gradual advance, leading the numerous private Shanghai financial houses to joint lending, then joint operation and joint management. What happened shows the historical necessity and complexity of the socialist transformation of China's private financial business.