晚清政府关于外国教会在华持有武装政策述论

关于外国教会在华持有武装问题，晚清政府实行的是有限禁止政策。这种政策由不同层次的基本政策和具体政策构成。造成这种政策的表面原因是《大清律例》自身的法律弹性和近代中外大局下的政教互动关系，根本原因还是晚清时期国力孱弱，政府无能。实施这种政策的目的是为了实现社会控制、维持中外相安、借用先进技术三个方面。该政策从1853年起步，至1908年成形，实施到1912年清政府灭亡结束。其中，以1901年为界，分为前后两个阶段。两阶段相比较，政策呈现出类型由简单而丰富、内容由粗疏而详明、执行由松弛而严格的三大特征。

On policies towards foreign church's weapon of late Qing Dynasty

Late Qing Dynasty carried out the limited forbidden policy towards the case of church's weapons.The policies included basic policies and specific policies.The surface reason caused this policy were the legal flexible of and the relation between government and Christian in modern China.The root cause of this policy was Late Qing Dynasty's weak and incompetent.The aim of this policy was to accomplish social control and keep Sino-foreign countries peace and draw advanced techniques from foreigners.This policy began from 1853,and ended in 1912,and could be divided front and back periods by 1901.There are three characteristics (type changed from easy to complex?contains changed from rough to thorough?execute changed from slack to strict).