东北地区城乡结构的演变机理与统筹发展

由于历史、文化、政治、经济和地理等方面的原因,东北地区的城乡二元结构是我国最突出、最奇特的地区。本文简要回顾了计划经济时期的二元城乡结构,然后从经济结构、居民收入与消费、城乡规模结构和社会发展水平等方面深入分析了改革开放后东北地区城乡结构的演变过程与动力机制。最后从区域经济结构调整、城乡发展战略和制度创新等方面,提出了促进城乡统筹发展的策略。

THE EVOLUTIVE MECHANISM OF URBAN-RURAL STRUCTURE AND ITS HOLISTIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE NORTHEAST OF CHINA

The Northeast old industry base adjustment & reconstruction and other backup policies bring the new opportunities of urban-rural holistic development. At present, "Northeast Phenomena" entangling with "New Northeast Phenomena", ur ban unemployment companioned with rural abundant residual labor force, metropoli s' sharply spatial outspreading following with relatively slow urban economy dev elopment, rural industrialization and urbanization process is slow also. These i ssues make the urban-rural cooperated development confront with baptism. After a short review of dual urban-rural structure about planned economy, this p aper analyses the evolutive process and dynamic system of urban-rural structure after reform and opening in Northeast in aspects of industry, income & consume, scale and social development level. In urban region, although the urbanization i s high, its development lags behind industrialization, productive service indust ry is less-developed, unemployment getting worse following the state corporation reform and industrial adjustment. In rural region, agriculture value proportion does not match with employment proportion, agriculture productivity rate is low , no-agriculture industry is less developed, and rural residual workforce is sup erabundant. The urban-rural social development gap becomes less owing to marketa ble reform of social welfare, but the dual ideology and investment discriminatio n still exists. As a result of traditional industry adjustment and reconstruct, high-new industry development, housing sub urbanization and Development Zone con struction, the metropolis size expands rapidly. On the contrary, the quantity an d scale of small town changes slowly on account of low-level and disperse townsh ip enterprises development. In the end, this paper put forwards counter measures: opening regional economy, tying up the urban and rural industry, cooperating cites development, fostering the rural economy, and innovating urban and rural management system in order to transform the dual urban-rural structure and promote urban-rural cooperated deve lopment in Northeast of China.