The mid-latitude trough in the electron concentration of the ionospheric F-layer: a review of observations and modelling |
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| Affiliation: | 1. IT4Innovations National Supercomputing Center, VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15, Ostrava, CZ 70833 , Czech Republic;2. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technická 4, Praha 6 16607, Czech Republic;3. Department of Applied Mathematics, VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15, Ostrava, CZ 70833, Czech Republic;4. Institute of Geonics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Studentská 1768, Ostrava, CZ 70800, Czech Republic;5. Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zurich, Ramistrasse 101, Zurich 8092, Switzerland;6. ENET Centre, VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15, Ostrava, CZ 70833, Czech Republic;1. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Power Station Automation Technology, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, PR China;2. School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong, PR China;3. Energy, Power and Intelligent Control group, School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen’s University Belfast, BT9 5AH, UK |
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| Abstract: | Experimental observations and theoretical modelling of the terrestrial mid-latitude trough are reviewed. The mid-latitude trough is considered as an F-layer phenomenon, and its relationships to the lightion trough in the topside ionosphere and to the plasmapause are discussed. The observed morphology of the mid-latitude trough is summarised. Recent evidence on plasma temperatures in the trough is examined. The physical processes that may be important in the trough region are listed. Large-scale computational models that include some of those processes are described and the results compared with observations. Deficiencies in the models and possible future developments are mentioned. |
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