台商投资大陆地区的区位选择及其空间拓展研究

台商在大陆地区已经有三次大规模的投资热潮,每次热潮都有不同的产业特性以及相应的区位偏好,从而导致在大陆地区规律性的空间拓展。本文在分析台资在大陆地区空间拓展特征的基础上,就台资转向大陆以及在大陆地区空间拓展的原因展开分析,认为台资企业在全球范围内的发展战略与其对外投资的区位选择密切相关。同时,大陆地区台资在当地化的嵌入程度也是影响其企业发展战略的一个重要因素,从而影响台资的空间扩展路径。

A RESEARCH ON TAIWAN' S INVESTMENT IN MAINLAND CHINA AND ITS SPATIAL SPREAD

Three waves of Taiwan's investment in Mainland China have taken place since 1990s, and each stage has its own different industrial characteristics and location demand. Therefore, through careful analysis and summarization, the authors of this paper put forward the principles of the spatial sprawl of Taiwan's investment in Mainland China in each historical stage, which are decided by the location requirements of Taiwan's investment and local development conditions. From the late 1980s to the early 1990s, the investment of Taiwan in Mainland China were mainly in cost-oriented medium and small enterprises, the raw and processed materials and market all depend abroad. Furthermore, it was in the early period of reform and opening-up of China, preferential policies were mainly carried out in South-east coastal regions. So the investment of Taiwan in Mainland China in this period concentrated in coastal areas of Fujian and Guangdong provinces. From the mid-1990s to the beginning of 21 century, the investment of Taiwan had migrated to the north of China, focusing on the Delta of Yangtze River and Delta of Pearl River. The electronic manufacturing took up the main investment. Since the 21st century, the investment of Taiwan tends to move to the Surrounding Bo Sea, Northeast China, Central and Western Regions. What are the determinant location factors of Taiwan's investment in Mainland China? To answer the question, the paper starts with investment motives of Taiwanese firms on different spatial-temporal condition. Based on the analysis of the spatial spread of Taiwan's investment in Mainland China and field survey of investment motives of Taiwanese firms, the authors of this paper discuss the reasons and motives of Taiwan's investment in Mainland China. On the background of globalization, the FDI firms always adopt two strategies: the global resource integration and response to local market, so is the Taiwanese firms. The reasons and motives of Taiwan's investment are attributed to two types respectively. Low production cost, foreign client requirement and deterioration of investment environment of Taiwan Island belong to the global resource integration strategy; huge potential market demand, migration following Taiwan clients and utilization of firm-special advantages belong to response to local market strategy. Furthermore, by the comparison of the Taiwanese PC-related industrial clusters of Dongguan and Suzhou, the latter has advantageous local suppliers and sellers, local recruits, better relationship between local government and Taiwanese firms, efficient local government. Finally, the article draws two conclustions: 1) the location of Taiwan's overseas investment in Mainland China highly relates to the company's globalization strategy.2) the localized embedded-ness of Taiwan's company is another important location factor.