清朝统治集团的最后十年

从1901年《辛丑条约》签订到1911年辛亥革命爆发是清朝统治的最后十年。这十年中，民族危机和社会危机日益加深，清朝统治集团为了维护其根本利益，采取了废科举、兴学堂、发展交通、改进司法制度等改革措施；还宣布预备立宪，各省相继设立了谘议局；1908年又颁布《钦定宪法大纲》。然而，清政府打着开办新政的旗号，增捐加税，横征暴敛，对民众进行无休止的掠夺，将专注于工商业的国内立宪派也推到了自己的对立面。辛亥革命前夕，清朝统治集团对外一味屈从，其政治腐败已到无可救药的地步，最终为民众所共弃，它的覆灭是必然的，谁也挽救不了。那种一厢情愿地认为，如果让清朝政府继续存在下去，稳步地有秩序地进行改革，中国的现代化将会来得更快些的说法，终究是“纸上文章”，“不当不实”。

The Last Ten Years of the Qing Ruling Group

The years from the signing of the Treaty of 1901 to the outbreak of the 1911 Revolution were the Qing government's last ten years of rule.During those ten years,national crises and social crises became more and more serious.In order to maintain its fundamental interests,the Qing ruling group adopted some reform measures,such as abrogating the imperial civil examination system,establishing schools,developing transportation and improving the judicial system.It also announced preparations for constitution gove...