秦俑彩绘回贴影响因素的探索性研究

在历经两千年埋藏以后,秦始皇兵马俑表面的漆皮彩绘在出土时,大多会卷曲脱落。如何将漆皮彩绘回贴加固好一直是保护工作者研究的难点。本工作在秦帝陵博物院前期工作的基础上,通过实验室模拟研究探索了黏结、回贴过程中陶本体含水率、PEG含量、可溶盐含量、陶块泥土粘附量、漆皮彩绘含水率、PEG含量、临时固型剂含量等对回贴、黏结效果的影响。结果表明将陶块含水率降至5%以下、减少PEG200溶液渗入陶本体、对陶本体进行脱盐处理、在黏结剂中添加极细小填料、逐渐增加PEG200浓度来润湿漆皮、清除残存的临时固型剂薄荷醇等措施都能不同程度地改善漆皮彩绘回贴的效果,增加黏结强度,提高其耐老化破坏循环的能力。以上应用基础研究可以为彩绘类文物现场保护工艺的改进提供借鉴。

An exploratory study on factors influencing the reattachment of paints on the pottery of Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses

After burial for over two thousand years, the lacquered paint layer on the surfaces of polychrome potteries of Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses always curve and peel off. The problem of reattaching these paint layers has been a focus as well as a challenge for art conservators. Based on observations from previous work done at the Mausoleum Site Museum on the subject, several key parameters that may affect the reattachment process were noted. These parameters include pottery body water content, PEG200 uptake rate, soluble salts content, clay attachment rate, painted layer water and PED content and temporary reattachment reagent composition. It is found that optimal reattachment results were obtaiined when 1) the pottery water content is below 5% and there was little PEG200 solution penetration; 2) the pottery itself is desalinated; 3) microlevel filler is mixed with the glue; 4) PEG200 content is gradually increased during the process; 5) the contemporary attachment agent is removed. All these treatments help the reattachment process, increase the attachment strength and protect against aging. This research provides information regarding insitu conservation of polychrome relics.