Identification of Areca catechu (Betel Nut) Residues on the Dentitions of Bronze Age Inhabitants of Nui Nap,Northern Vietnam |
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| Institution: | 1. Colorado College, Department of Anthropology, 14 East Cache La Poudre, Colorado Springs, CO80903, U.S.A.;2. Faculty of Science, Information Technology and Education, Northern Territory University, Australia;3. Department of Palaeoanthropology, Institute of Archaeology, Hanoi, Vietnam;1. School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, PR China;2. Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;3. Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;4. Departments of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;5. Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;1. Department of Chemistry, Semnan University, Semnan 35351-19111, Iran;2. Institut Européen des Membranes, UMR-5635, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France;3. Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarin Street, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;1. Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA;1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio;2. Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
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| Abstract: | The dentitions of 31 individuals excavated from the Bronze Age site Nui Nap, Thanh Hoa province, Vietnam were examined for the presence of Areca catechu (betel nut) residues. The chief investigatory method involved GC/MS analysis of a dark reddish-brown stain commonly observed on the labial aspect of the anterior teeth of individuals from this site. The results of this work indicate that these teeth were stained by way of betel nut. Enamel surface morphology and the distribution of staining suggests purposeful application of betel nut residues to the teeth, perhaps for aesthetic reasons. |
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