武威出土西夏买地券背记符号考论

甘肃武威西郊西夏墓出土的乾祐十六年(1185)和廿三年(1192)两方买地券是研究西夏的丧葬文化,特别是为研究道教对西夏葬俗影响,提供了珍贵的实物资料。学术界对两方买地券的研究主要集中在券文的释录、格式、源流、文体以及葬俗等方面,对这两方买地券背面的朱书符号有所忽略。通过传世丧葬礼仪文献与出土买地券的互证,这两方买地券背面的朱书符号是在下葬过程的"斩草"仪式中,由祭官代替亡人与神灵在买地券上签字画押时使用的骑缝章式"合同"二字。它象征着冥契合同生效,墓地为"合法"之所,而非"盗葬",起到镇墓避邪之用。

The Observation and Study of the Symbols in the Back of the XixiaHades Land Purchasing Certificates Excavated in Wuwei City

The two pieces of the Xixia Hades land purchasing certificates in 1185 and 1192 had been excavated in the western Wuwei of Gansu.They provided a precious geological material to research the funeral culture,especially to research the influence of burial custom in the Xixia.Academic circle focus on researching the words reading,formats,head-stream,style,burial customs and so on,but neglects the red symbols in the back of the two land purchasing certificates.Proved by the documents of funeral ceremony and the other land purchase certificates in the tombs,the seal-on-the-perforation red symbols were the words of the“contract”which were written by funeral official who replaced the dead to sign with god on the process of bury.The red words symbolized the contract was coming into effect,the graveyard was legitimate land not a rob-tomb,and had the effect of guarding tomb and exorcising evil spirits.