《推定儿女法》与中古辨胎术

《推定儿女法》为俄藏黑水城出土金代占卜类写本文献,其文本来源于《孙子算经》,特殊性在于通过算术方法并结合阴阳五行思想卜算胎儿性别。以《推定儿女法》为代表的祈男辨胎思想和孕育信仰曾长期流行于中国古代社会,是研究古代社会民生与民间信仰的珍贵资料。在历史发展过程中,《推定儿女法》逐渐渗透到医学与命理学文本书写中,反映了阴阳五行思想主导下,中国古代数术、巫术与医学思想的相互影响与交流融合。

The Research on the Ways to Predict Fetal Sex,a Khara-Khoto Document Housed in Russia

The Ways to Predict Fetal Sex is a kind of divination document of the Jin Dynasty unearthed in Khara-Khoto now in Russia.Its text came from Sun Tzu Suan Jing.Its particularity lay in the calculation of fetal gender by arithmetic method and combining the thought of Yin’yang Wuxing.The idea of praying for male children and the belief of pregnancy represented by the law of presumption of children,and had been popular in the ancient Chinese Society for a long time.They are valuable materials for studying the people’s livelihood and folk beliefs in ancient society.In the process of historical development,the law of presumption of children gradually infiltrates into the text writing of medicine and numerology,reflecting the mutual influence and exchange and integration of ancient Chinese numeracy,witchcraft and medical thought under the guidance of the thought of Yin’yang Wuxing.