医学考古学视域的商周医患关系初探

商周时期是中国医患关系发展转变的重要阶段。商、西周时期，巫、医关系密切，巫医掌握着主要的治病救人之法，身份等级较高，神权与王权成为维系医患关系的主要因素。至春秋战国时期，医学摆脱巫术而独立发展，出现了许多民间医者。走下神坛的医者需不断提高自身医疗技术，医术高低成为维系医患关系的重要因素。这一新型的医患关系为后世所继承，促进了中国古代医学不断发展。

A preliminary investigation of the doctor-patient relationship during the Shang and Zhou period:an archaeology of medicine perspective

The Shang and Zhou period is the critical stage in the development and transformation of the doctor-patient relationship in ancient China.During this period,the relationship between witches and doctors was especially close.The witch-doctors had relatively high social status and were in charge of the method to curve the sickness and save the patient.Divine power and kingly power were some of the main elements that maintained such doctor-patient relationship.By the Spring-and-Autumn and Warring States period,study of medicine broke away from the witchcraft and experienced an independent development.Many folk medical practitioners emerged.Descending from the divine altar,the medical practitioners had to continuously improve their medical knowledge and skills.The sophistication of their medical skills became one of the most important elements to maintain the doctor-patient relationship.This new type of relationship was inherited by later periods and stimulated the continuous development of medical science in ancient China.