明代河南土地丈量综述

有明一代,河南省曾进行了三次土地丈量活动：第一次在明初洪武年间,丈量出的土地数字仅是当时开垦的土地数,不能反映全省实有的土地数量。第二次在明中期嘉靖年间,是在一种错误思想的指导之下进行的,丈量之后又以“符合原额”为宗旨,大量进行了折亩活动,故丈量出的土地数字既不能反映当时河南省的开垦耕种数,也不能反映当时实有的土地数字。第三次是在明中后期万历年间进行的,指导思想明确,法令严格,方法得当,丈量出的土地数字既能反映当时河南省的开垦耕种数,又代表了全省实有的耕地数字。

A Summary of the Ming Dynasty's Land-measure in Henan Province

The Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 A. D. )conducted three times land measure in Henan.The first time was at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty (during the years of Hong Wu),In that hasty survey,the numbers of farm land caculated were only the quantity of cultivated land,not the whole province's farm land. The sec- ond measure of land was made in the middle of the Ming Dynasty (the year of Jia Jiang). Guided by an erro- neous thinking and converted acres according to the "keep with the original"principle, the numbers of this measure didn't demonstrate the figure of reclaimed land and the actual quantity of land. It was not until the third measure made in late the Ming Dynasty (the years of Wan Li),guided correctly,with strict laws and suitable methods,the accurate number was got which correctly reflected quantity of cultivated land and the actual farm land in the province.