英国旧殖民体制的特征及其瓦解的原因

17—18世纪是重商主义盛行时期,重商主义成了英国的国策。整个第一英帝国就是在重商主义理论指导下产生、发展、壮大的,重商主义成了旧帝国最主要的特征。因而,英国旧的殖民体制的特点就表现为政治上控制松弛、经济上严格限制。1763年“七年战争”结束之前,英国与殖民地的关系比较融洽。然而战争结束不久,蕴藏于旧的殖民体制之中的危机便迅即爆发。旧的帝国殖民统治体制越来越难以维持,旧的帝国体制已经解决不了帝国的危机,英国与美洲殖民地发生了激烈的冲突,最终导致了帝国的瓦解。

The Characteristic of British Old Colonial System and the Reason of It's Disintegration

century was a full bloom period of Mercantilism. The emergence, development and grandness of the first British Empire was guided by Mercantilism,it became the fundamental nature of the Old Empire, so the characteristic of the British old colonial system was laxly controlled in politic and rigidly in economy. Before the end of "the Seven Years War" in 1763,the relationship between the Britain and its colony was harmonious. But shortly after the end of the war,the crisis that contained in the old colonial system broke out. The old empire rule system that became more and more difficult to be maintained could not settle the empire crisis,the sharp conflict broke between the Great Britain and the American colony. At last,it led to disintegration of the old empire.