略论杜勒斯对苏战略的早期思想背景（1919—1952）

杜勒斯的对苏战略构想和政策主张与其早期经历和思想有着密切的关联。杜勒斯对苏战略观的政治哲学基础是他早年形成的“和平变革”论，其思想根源包括在冷战初期即已基本定型的苏联观，即他对苏联“挑战”的性质、对外目标与手段、战略上的优势和弱点等问题的基本判断。联系这个思想背景，可以从杜勒斯令人目眩的多种表象背后，看到一条清晰而又前后连贯的政策思路。可以说，杜勒斯的对苏战略构想就其本质而言是一以贯之的，其逻辑顺序可以概括为“共处—竞争—高压—变革”。

An Inquiry into the Intellectual Background of J. F. Dulles' Diplomatic Strategy toward the USSR (1919-1952)

J. F. Dulles' conception of US strategies and policies toward the USSR had a profound ideological background that can be traced back to his earlier years. His strategic ideas and policy propositions were based on his political philosophy of 'Peaceful Change'and his perceptions of the nature of the so-called Soviet chal- lenge,its foreign objects and tactics,and its strategic advantages and disadvantages. Taking this background into consideration,we can find out an obvious train of his strategic thinking. It is safe to say that Dulles' conception of US strategy toward the USSR was in essence consistent,which can be summarized as such a logical sequence: to co-exist temporarily, to compete comprehensively, to assert pressure unceasingly, and to seek Peaceful Change finally.