基于高精度三维模型的大型石窟类文物等比例复制

文物复制是文化遗产(尤其是超大型不可移动文物)保护、传承和发展的重要基础,三维激光扫描、3D打印等新兴技术的发展为文物复制提供了新的思路。本研究以云冈第18窟为研究对象,首次探索并建立了基于高精度三维模型的超大型文物等比例高保真复制技术体系,主要包括:高保真数据获取、三维重建、复制模型分块、打印与安装、高保真涂料喷绘。该方法已应用在云冈第18窟等大型石窟类文物的等比例高保真复制工程。结果表明,本方法能够实现大型石窟类文物的高保真等比例复制,复制成果满足可移动的实际需求。该方法可为类似的文化遗产保护工作提供一定的借鉴和指导。

An equal proportion reproduction method for large grotto cultural relics based on high-precision 3D models

Cultural relic reproduction is an important foundation for the conservation, inheritance and development of cultural heritages (especially super-large immovable cultural relics). The development of emerging technologies such as 3D laser scanning and 3D printing provides new ideas for cultural relic reproduction. Taking Cave 18 of Yungang Grottoes as the research object, this study explored and established a high-fidelity copying technology system for super-large cultural relics, which mainly includes high-fidelity data acquisition, 3D reconstruction, model block, printing and installation as well as high-fidelity paint printing. This method has been applied to the high-fidelity equal-proportion reproduction project of large-scale grottoes such as Cave 18 of Yungang Grottoes. The results show that the method proposed in this study can realize the high-fidelity equal-scale reproduction of large-scale grottoes, and the reproduction performances met the requirements of movement. This method could provide some reference and guidance for the conservation of similar cultural heritage objects.