1949-1958年工矿企业青年工人的技术培养--以师徒合同为中心

新中国成立后,随着国民经济的恢复与发展,对技术工人的需求迅速增加。为尽快培养更多的青年技术工人和提高他们的技术水平,一些工矿企业充分利用师傅带徒弟的方式,开始推广订立师徒合同。在各单位的组织配合下,师徒合同这种技术传承方式得以广泛推广,对提高青年技术工人的水平产生了积极作用。但与此同时,师徒合同存在的缺陷、国家有限的物质条件、奖励与考工制度的不完善、速成教育与培训的局限性等因素限制了师徒合同的继续发展。尽管如此,师徒合同在工矿企业内的推行,在一定程度上营造了鼓励技术学习的整体环境,促进了“尊师爱徒”新型师徒关系的建立,提高了青年技术工人的技术水平,提升了劳动生产效率,有利于新中国工业化建设的顺利开展。

Technical Training of Young Workers in Industrial and Mining Enterprises from 1949 to 1958--Centered on Apprenticeship Contracts

After the founding of New China,with the recovery and development of the national economy,the demand for skilled workers increased rapidly.In order to train more young skilled workers and improve their technical level as soon as possible,some industrial and mining enterprises have made full use of the way that masters lead apprentices and began to promote the apprenticeship contracts.With the organization and cooperation of various units,the technology inheritance mode has been widely promoted,which has played a positive role in improving the technical level of young skilled workers.However,at the same time,the defects of apprenticeship contracts,the limited material conditions of the state,the imperfection of reward and examination system,and the limitations of accelerated education and training restrict the continuous development of apprenticeship contracts.Nevertheless,the implementation of apprenticeship contracts in industrial and mining enterprises has created an overall environment to encourage technology learning to some extent,promoted the establishment of a new apprenticeship relationship of'respecting masters and cherishing apprentices",improved the technical level of young skilled workers as well as labor production efficiency,and was conducive to the smooth development of industrialization of New China.