废科举后清末乡村学务中的权势转移

科考废止，学堂制度植入乡村社会，引发了乡村社会内部权力格局的变动。依据科举制度安身立命或完成上升性社会流动的原既得利益群体，遭遇到不同程度的困厄命运。与此同时，随着学务权在地方行政系统中重要性的日益显著，造成了新的权力资源在国家一社会以及乡村精英内部各派势力之间的重新分配。过渡时代的乡村权力网络、不同群体以兴办学务为契机分别置身其中，分享权力又相互争夺对权力的主导权。他们之间的这种矛盾关系，又并非处在一种简单的“新”、“旧”对立或现代与传统的对立当中。掩映于简单对立之下，实为地方权力资源因地域、时势等条件的差异在不同利益群体间的重新配置。学务场域内权力关系的变动折射出过渡时期乡村社会内部复杂的权力格局。

The Power Transfer of the Countryside School System in the Late Qing After the Abolishment of the Imperial Examination System

With the Imperial Examination System abolished and the new school system introduced country wide,the power of educational function became more and more significant in the local administration.This led to a redistribution of power among the different parties who represened new and old systems in education area.In this special transition period,the power was shared and scrambled for by different social groups when they pursued their educational careers in their different ways.Locally speaking,the social power system was characteristicized by the co-existing of the new culture and the old tradition,and also,the cooperation and contradiction between them.