万历援朝战争期间东北亚地区地理知识的获取、 传递与呈现: 以《华夷沿海图》为中心的考察

万历援朝战争(1592—1598)是16世纪末在东亚影响深远的重要历史事件,与之相关的《华夷沿海图》的编纂,在地图学研究中的学术意义亦值得探讨。通过综合分析中朝文献,重点发掘朝鲜王朝实录和地理书籍等资料,可以发现: 《华夷沿海图》及相关地理论述对中国北部与朝鲜沿海形势详加说明,是当时两国间地理知识交流大为增强的证明。明朝东征经略宋应昌主持创作该图时,除了既往知识和经验积累外,还融汇了自己在朝鲜的见闻,对特定地理信息的选择与处理也有的放矢。因此,《华夷沿海图》有很强的时效性和准确性。他对特定地理信息的选择与处理背后有着深刻的内涵。即使看似微小的信息的呈现与解读也能成为表达政治立场、阐明军事思想的有效工具,并能反映出战时明朝经略渤海、黄海思想之转变。

The Collection,Transmission, and Display of Geographic Knowledge of Northeast Asia During the Imjin War-A Study on Huayi Yanhai Tu

The Imjin War (1592-1598) was an important historical event with far-reaching influence in East Asia at the end of the 16th Century. The importance of the formation of Huayi Yanhai Tu, a map related with the war situation, is also noteworthy in academic cartography. Through a comprehensive analysis of both Chinese and Korean historical accounts, especially intensive examinations of the Annals of the Chosǒn Dynasty and Korean geographic records, this study reveals an increase in the exchange of geographic knowledge between Ming China and Chosǒn Korea during the late 16th Century. When the Ming official Song Yingchang, who was in charge of the military affairs in Korea, directed the production of Huayi Yanhai Tu (the Coastal Map of China and the Barbarians), he relied not only on his accumulated knowledge but also his direct experience in Korea. This led to the timeliness and accuracy of this map, showing a strategic transformation of the Ming government’s management of the Bohai and Yellow Sea region. There were profound implications behind his selection and handling of specific geographic information. The display and interpretation of seemingly minor information could be effective tools for presenting political stances and military thoughts.