唐代行州行县补考续论

唐代的“行州行县”,是指脱胎于正州正县,治所寄驻他地的一种权置的特殊政区。综合郭声波《中国行政区划通史·唐代卷》的考证与笔者的补考(行雄州、行蔡州、行南扶州、行昌州、行翼州、行成州,行龙泉县、行潘原县、行洋源县、行黄金县、行朗池县、行将利县),唐代至少设置过37个行州、42个行县。唐代行州行县的设置,时间上以初唐和中晚唐为多,分布上以剑南道、关内道、河北道、陇右道为多,地点上则往往“依险为治”,这显示了唐代行州行县诸多方面的“现实功效”。至于寄驻正州正县界内的行州行县,会使原本正常的地方行政发生窒碍;管理职责归属部落首领的部分行州,会削弱中央朝廷对边疆地方的掌控力度,影响其循序渐进为正州的过程;行州行县的寄驻与升(还)正,会导致地名尤其是政区地名的名实混淆,如此等等,也是唐代设置行州行县所产生的负面影响。

Supplementary Study on Further Textual Research on Tang-Dynasty Provisional Prefectures and Provisional Counties

Provisional prefectures and provisional counties in the Tang Dynasty consist of a special form of administrative division that derived from regular prefectures and counties with their governing centers locatedelsewhere. Based on Shengbo Guo’s study and my own textual research, the Tang court set up at least 37 provisional prefectures and 42 provisional counties, especially in the early and mid-late period of the dynasty, and many of them were in Jiannan, Guannei, Hebei and Longyou Circuits (Dao). These provisional prefectures and provisional counties were set up in strategic sites, indicating their political and military value. Setting up provisional administrative units inside regular administrative divisions would create frictions on local governance. The provisional units led by indigenous leaders may undermine the imperial court’s influence on the frontier region and hence impede their developments into regular administrative units. The dislocation of provisional administrative units could also create misunderstandings on toponyms. These are all negative effects of the Tang-dynasty provisional prefectures and provisional counties.