The maintenance of the night-time ionosphere at mid-latitudes. I. The ionosphere above Malvern |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Neurology, UNC, 2133 Physicians Office Bld, 170 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7025, United States;2. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, UNC School of Medicine, 171 Wing D, C.B.#7200, 170 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7200, United States;3. UNC Healthcare Department of Nutrition & Food Services - Metabolic & Nutrition Research Core, 102 Mason Farm Rd., CB#7777, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States;4. Department of Medicine, 4111 Bioinformatics Building, Campus Box 7080, 130 Mason Farm Rd., Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7080, United States;5. Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, CB # 7420, 3103-A, McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7420, United States;6. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, UNC School of Medicine, 183 Wing D, C.B.#7200, 170 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7025, United States;7. North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, 2 West Edenton St., Raleigh, NC 27601, United States;8. Lipid Mediators, Inflammation, and Pain Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, United States;9. UNC Cytokine Analysis Facility, North Carolina Oral Health Institute, 3412 Koury Oral Health Sciences Bldg., CB #7455, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7455, United States;10. Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, 5625 Fishers Lane, Room 3N-07, Rockville, MD 20892, United States;11. Intramural Program of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States;12. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, UNC School of Medicine, 171 Wing D, C.B.#7200, 170 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States |
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| Abstract: | The total rate of recombination in the night-time ionosphere above Malvern (at L = 2.6) was estimated using a model atmosphere, and the results were compared with the observed rate of change of total electron content to determine the net influx of plasma. Horizontal transport under the influence of electric fields was an important factor on a time-scale of an hour or less but when averaged throughout the night made little contribution. The main influx of plasma was a downward diffusion from the protonosphere, especially before midnight. The average downward flux increased steadily as the protonosphere filled after a magnetic storm, with a saturation time of at least 8 days. |
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