20世纪上半叶中国“人文地理学”与“人生地理学”内涵演变研究

当今学界对于我国地理学发展史上“人文地理学”与“人生地理学”二者的内涵界定和关系阐述并不完全准确。通过对20世纪上半叶地理学科文献的解读,可以发现二者存在三个阶段的演化:第一阶段,为传统方志地学与近代人文地理学交汇下萌发,以分类呈现人文事象为主的“人文地理学”;第二阶段,为批判方志传统,主张以人地关系论为核心,并在法国学派思想影响下产生的“人生地理学”;第三阶段,为批判人地关系论,在景观论与辩证唯物主义理论相结合的背景下提出的“人文地理学”。在三个不同阶段,“Human Geography”一词未曾改变,但在中国代表的内涵迥异,相互之间存在部分的继承,但更多的是通过批判而形成的思想演化。其根源在于西方近代地理学思想传入中国后,与中国地方的学术环境及时代背景产生交融,继而形成内涵各异的学术思想变体。

Study on the Evolution of Meanings of Renwen Dilixue and Rensheng Dilixue in China in the First Half of 20th Century

Looking through the development of geography as a subject in China, human geography was once translated into renwen dilixue or rensheng dilixue. The academia can hardly define exact meanings and relationship between these two terms precisely. Interpretation of the literature in the first half of the 20th century helps reveal the evolution of these terminologies. The course of such development should be divided into three stages. In the first stage, renwen dilixue evolved from the convergence between traditional chorography and modern human geography in order to study humanity aspects of geography. In the second stage, rensheng dilixue emerged in order to criticize the traditional chorography and to promote the theory regarding the human-place relationship as the core content of human geography. It was affected by the French school of thoughts. The third stage was, again, renwen dilixue, but with meanings differ from either of previous ones’. It criticized the theory of human-place relationship of the stage two. It was proposed under a general ideological background that combined landscape and dialectical materialism theories. Throughout these three stages, we can notice that the phrase human geography in China had different meanings at different time. Inheritance of those meanings exists, but criticism from one to another dominates. Essentially, these variations of academic thoughts were the result of the introduction of Western modern geographical thoughts that blended with the domestic academic environment and historical background of China.