古镇遗产分类及资源型古镇的保护性利用模式初探

古镇是人类主要聚落形态之一,按其成因和社会功能可把古镇分为聚落型村镇、区域贸易中心型集镇、资源型或资源—产业型集镇、军事重镇型集镇和文化景观型集镇等。资源型古镇通常是在对某地自然资源进行开发利用的过程中发展起来的场镇,它的发展历程直接折射出区域社会变迁及其关联的社会背景,构成地方文化和历史记忆的重要载体。对资源型古镇的保护性利用旨在服务当地,在内容和形式上旨在使古镇的"形"与"神"与其生存空间达到高度的融合与统一,从而准确传达古镇所蕴含的历史信息及遗产价值。

A Primary Exploration of Ancient Towns Classification and the Protective Utilization of Resource Based Ancient Towns in China

Towns are a major type of human settlements.According to their formation and social functions,ancient towns can be classified into five categories: rural settlements,regional trading centers,resource based towns,military towns and cultural landscapes.Resource based towns were formed in the process of developing and utilizing the natural resources in a certain area,reflecting the social changes of the region and constituting the local culture and memories.Aiming at serving the local people,the protective utilization focuses on creating a harmonious integration of their physical forms and cultural connotations as well as the surrounding settings of these resource based ancient towns so as to exhibit the historical information and heritage value conveyed by them.