试析明代宦官内操的兴衰及特点

有明一代,宦官的势力遍及帝国中枢和地方要塞,对明朝政治、经济、军事以及文化等各方面都产生了巨大的影响。就军事上来说,自明中期以来,宦官不仅提督京营、监军统兵、镇守地方,而且还在皇城大内演兵习武,同时也为皇帝举行军事体育娱乐活动,史称"内操"。本文主要根据《明实录》、《明史》以及明清历史笔记等相关史料梳理出明代宦官内操的兴衰历程,并分析其不同时期的阶段性特点,力求对明宦官史、宫廷史研究有所增益。

Analysis of Ups and Downs of The Military Drills Organized by The Ming Eunuchs in The Imperial City and Its Characters

The eunuchs playing as a special role not only in the central but also in the local administrations had greatly influenced the Ming Empire in politics,economics,military affairs and culture,etc.When it comes to the military affairs,the Ming eunuchs meddled with command and supervision of the troops garrisoned in and out of the capital,drilled people in military training on parade grounds in the imperial city,and organized military,sports and entertainment activities of the sort for emperors at the same time,which is termed "Nei Cao" in history academia.This paper demonstrates its ups and downs and the characters at different stages mainly by studying The Memoir of Ming Dynasty(Ming Shi Lu),The History of The Ming Dynasty(Ming Shi),the historical notes on the Ming and Qing dynasties and other related documents with intent of further exploration into the eunuch history of the Ming dynasty and the history of the imperial court as well.