海贸与移民互动:17-18世纪闽南人移民海外原因分析--以闽南人移民台湾为例

17-18世纪是闽南人海外移民的高潮时期,也是台湾移民社会形成和发展时期.台湾移民以闽南人为主,可说是闽南社会在海峡对岸的延伸.推动闽南人移民海外的内因是明中叶以来的人口压力,而16世纪中叶欧人东来以后带动的商贸和东亚、东南亚沿海地区的开发使对中国商贩和劳力的需求大增,则是吸引闽南移民的拉力.在整个17-18世纪,始终存在着华人海上商贸和海外移民的互动.闽南人冒险、重商的人文精神,则是使这种推力与拉力作用得以实现的主观原因.17世纪20年代以来,由泉籍郑氏集团主导的海外华商网络和台湾开发则是台湾泉籍人多于漳籍人和泉籍人主导台湾商贸的主要原因,这与17-18世纪海外华商网络和华人社会以闽南人为主、闽南籍者又以泉府人居多是相一致的.

Interaction of Chinese overseas trade and emigration in 17 - 18th centuries: the case of Taiwan

The majority of immigrants into Taiwan in 17-18th centuries came from south Fujian. The European expansion into Far East since middle of 16th century resulted in prosperous international trade and the economic development of the coastal areas in Southeast Asia and Taiwan, which led to a great need for labor and commodities. The people in south Fujian, who had taken the advantage of dominating the overseas Chinese commercial network since the 15th century, became the pioneers of Chinese overseas emigration. South Fujian people constantly emigrated abroad and in return, the Chinese overseas immigrants strengthened the overseas Chinese network. The whole period of 17-18th centuries witnessed an interaction of the overseas trade and emigration dominated by the people from south Fujian. The emigration from south Fujian to Taiwan comprised one part of the overseas emigration from the same area.