粤闽赣边客家文化地域差异与旅游合作

客家人是在中国历史上的中原人南迁到南方后,逐步形成的独立民系。位于粤、闽、赣边区的梅州、龙岩、赣州是中国客家人最集中的居住区域,在当今发展旅游的热潮中,三地都把客家文化作为最重要的旅游产品进行开发。三地的客家文化具有一定的差异性:(1).客家民居主要表现为外形及功能的差异;(2)因各地自然条件和地域文化不同,客家美食主要表现为材料和制作方法的差异;(3)客家山歌具有唱腔特色和歌唱内容的差异;(4)因农耕文化、海洋文化影响程度的不同带来客家名人的差异。在发展旅游过程中,粤、闽、赣三地出现了客家文化地位、旅游产品种类和质量的竞争。应避免和减少恶性竞争,珍惜宝贵的客家文化旅游资源,共同培育优秀的客家文化旅游产品,进行广泛的旅游合作;同时,强化各自符合自身地域和发展历史的特色,开发客家文化旅游特色产品,达到三地旅游持续、健康发展。

REGIONAL DIVERSITY AND TOURISM COOPERATION OF HAKKAN CULTURE IN THE DISTRICTS AROUND GUANGDONG, FUJIAN AND JIANGXI

The Hakkans have gradually formed an independent civilian system since they moved to the south China from the central plains in the early Chinese history. Meizhou, Longyan and Ganzhou, the districts around Guangdong, Fujian and Jiangxi, three provinces in south China, are the place where the Hakkans mainly dwelt. Nearly at the same time the Hakkan culture has been a main tourism product to be developed in the three districts above during the upsurge in tourism nowadays.
However, Hakkan cultures in above three districts have diversities to some extent, concretely: (1) the difference in the figure and function to demand of the Hakkan housing. Four-angle watchtowers in Longyan and Tulou in Ganzhou are of high defense, Wai Lung housing is obviously of open and leisure which are three preponderant building brands;(2)the difference in materials and making-methods of the Hakkan food because of their different natural condition and regional culture;(3)the aria feature and the content of the Hakkan song. The folk song in Songkou town, Meizhou, mainly in madrigal and famous revolutionary folk songs in Xingguo county are of comparatively large influence in China;(4) the difference in the effect by cultivation, ocean civilization towards the Hakkan elites.
The status of Hakkan culture, the variety of tour brand and tour quality in the three districts have been the major fields of their competition, and at the same time they cause some problems, such as redundant project and negative image in tourism. To achieve the win-win situation, the governments in the three districts should positively create fair competition environment to avoid and reduce cut-throat competition, that is to say, they should cherish and foster the outstanding culture tourism brand with their own characteristics, consolidate features which should accord with their clime and history respectively, and implode characteristic brand of the Hakkan culture tourism under the condition of fostering the brands of Hakkan culture tourism together.