1990年代以来沈阳市就业结构的空间分异

依据沈阳市1990年第四次和2000年第五次人口普查数据,从中心城区、近郊区、远郊区和市辖县(市)等尺度分析其劳动力结构和行业结构的空间差异,研究发现沈阳市劳动力从原有的就业空间向新就业空间转移,郊区化现象明显,特别是第二、第三产业的从业人员明显出现郊区化现象,转移的主要地区为城市近郊区;而人口和工业的郊迁是引起这种现象的主要原因。人口、工业以及就业郊迁对沈阳城市空间结构产生作用,导致城市物质空间和社会空间发生重构。

SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION OF EMPLOYMENT STRUCTURE IN SHENYANG CITY FROM 1990S

As an old industrial city preferentially constructed in the early times of the P.R. China, Shenyang has put an emphasis on the development of the secondary industry from economic structure perspective. In addition, it has been suggested that its employment structure focuses on the industry. With the reform of enterprises deepened constantly, such industries established in the planned economy mode, especially state-owned enterprises (SOEs), have brought a series of problems, such as increased unemployment rates and laid-off employees. Shenyang has thus become one of the major cities with severe employment problems in China. In this study, we used the data from the fourth (1990) and the fifth (2000) population census to analyze spatial differences of labor force structure and industry structure in Shenyang from different scales, including urban area, inner suburb, outer suburbs and periphery counties. The results indicates that workforce of Shenyang city has been transferring from an old employment space to a new employment space. The degree of suburbanization is remarkable, especially in the employee of the industrial, construction and the tertiary industry (e.g. the communications, transportation, post and telecommunications industry, commerce, storage industry and management). Such a phenomenon may result from the suburbanization of population and industry. Furthermore, there is evidence that the old urban area is renovated by the policy of diffusing, and shifting some traditional industries or adopting to industrial dispersion to promote the development of the backward areas, and the development of the newly developed area makes the suburbs be a center of productivity and population. It provides further support for our findings of suburbanization process of population and industry. Therefore, it can be concluded that the reconstruction of employment space associated with suburbanization of population and industry plays an important role in altering urban spatial structure of Shenyang, such as the reconstructions in physical space and social space. Currently, during the special transition of urban society in Shenyang, the divisions of physical space and social space are being aggravated, land functional districts such as industrial area and inhabited region have obvious trends and social stratification and community reconstruction are going on.