低温冷冻法对标本害虫白腹皮蠹防治效果的研究

采用有毒化学药品防治动物标本害虫是博物馆使用的传统消杀方法。然而,考虑到化学药品对公众健康的潜在危害,迫切需要寻找更为安全的防治方法。采用安全无毒的-20℃低温冷冻法对标本害虫白腹皮蠹进行消杀实验,结果显示防治效果显著,寄生于动物标本皮毛的白腹皮蠹成虫在6小时内全部死亡。同时,研究结果还显示降温速度和标本制作材料的隔热特性是影响防治效果的重要因素。随着低温平衡时间的延长,害虫对低温冷冻的适应能力将逐渐增强,最终导致害虫消杀时间显著延长。此研究工作为博物馆采用安全无毒的低温冷冻法防治标本害虫提供了参考数据。

Study on the effect of freezing on the taxidermy pest Dermestes maculatus

Museum taxidermies have traditionally relied on toxic chemicals for the prevention and treatment of pest infestations. However, concern over potential adverse effects on public health by chemicals has promoted investigation into alternative safe control methods. The efficacy of freezing at a temperature -20°C against the taxidermy pest Dermestes maculatus was evaluated. The results show that all pests tested at the surface of tanned skin failed to survive beyond 6h of exposure at a temperature -20°C. However, two factors, including the insulating properties of taxidermy and the rate of cooling, played key roles in the course of eradication with freezing. As the time to achieve temperature equilibrium increases, the ability of the pest to adapt to freezing also increases and the freezing time has to be prolonged significantly. The study provides a useful reference for safe methods for destroying museum taxidermy pests by freezing.