西方国家社区玩耍与游憩观察系统方法的应用研究及启示

随着户外游憩研究的不断深入，获取有效游憩行为和环境信息的重要性突显，美国学者麦肯奇（McKenzie）研创出社区玩耍与游憩观察系统方法（System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities，SOPARC）能够瞬时批量高效获取户外游憩活动信息，因而在西方游憩行为研究中逐步获得广泛运用。本文使用文献检索和文献分析法，通过查阅和分析近年西方学者对社区玩耍与游憩观察系统方法的主要应用成果，归纳出西方学者对SOPARC应用研究的热点。通过西方学者应用SOPARC方法研究的特点评述，提出该方法对我国研究的若干启示：SOPARC方法科学有效，能够为我国游憩研究提供技术支撑，但引入应用需要根据中国国情进行改进；SOPARC方法应用广泛，可主要用于游憩行为调查、游憩设施和环境规划及游憩地管理中。

APPLICATION RESEARCH AND ENLIGHTENMENT OF SOPARC IN WESTERN COUNTRIES

With the further study of outdoor recreation, it is much important to obtain effective recreation activity and contextual information. McKenzie developed SOPARC (system for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities) which can obtain observational data on the number of participants and their physical activity levels during physical activity and leisure opportunities in community environments. SOPARC were gradually used in the studies of public parks in western countries. Identifying the demographics and physical activity levels of park users could inform park promotions and programming and be used to develop interventions to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behavior through park use. Based on literature review, this paper describes origin and conception of SOPARC in western countries. At the same, it also analyzes application results of SOPARC in western countries, summarize its research method and research object. The recent research on SOPARC is focused on the following four aspects:1) research on various types of recreationists (different age, gender, race/ethnicity); 2) research on different recreational activities (physical activity, shopping, entertainment, walking the dog); 3) research on many types of recreational places (different country, park, area); 4) research on recreational environment facility planning and management.