欠发达地区城市公交底线公平的空间分异特征及成因分析——以云南省为例

底线公平是欠发达地区城市公交发展的基础指标。基于底线公平理论，本文从公交服务公平性、资源配置公平性、保障公平性三个方面，建立了城市公交底线公平性测度指标体系，采用PCA模型对欠发达地区城市公交的底线公平性进行测度分析，以云南省为例获取城市公交底线公平的空间分异特征，并对其影响因素进行分析。结果表明，云南省城市公交的底线公平性总体较差，空间分布呈现“圈层”特征，全省城市公交底线公平的整体空间分异与主因子空间分异特征吻合；平均候车时间、公交站点覆盖率、公共汽电车责任事故死亡率、公交运营车辆人车比等指标是影响公交底线公平的关键指标。

BASELINE EQUALITY OF SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION CHARACTERISTICS AND CAUSE ANALYSIS OF URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN UNDERDEVELOPED AREAS: A CASE OF YUNNAN PROVINCE

Baseline equality is the basic index of urban public transport in underdeveloped areas. The measurement index system of the urban public transport equity was established based on baseline equality theory, from three aspects of the equality of public transport services, the equality of resource allocation and safeguard. The PCA model was used to measure the baseline equality of urban public transport, and Yunnan Province was chosen as an example to obtain its spatial differentiation characteristics and causes. The results show that the baseline equality spatial distribution of urban public transport is extremely unbalanced of 16 cities in Yunnan province, showing the spatial pattern of circle layer and local radiation. The baseline equality overall spatial differentiation characteristics of urban public transport in the province are consistent with the main factors of the spatial differentiation characteristics, and the four main factors of the city group in central Yunnan as the core, the spatial pattern of outward circle decline.