贵阳市道路拥堵状态时空分布规律研究——基于出租车GPS大数据

利用贵阳市出租车GPS数据，建立ArcGIS空间模型计算路段平均行程速度，以空间数据库和ArcGIS空间分析为技术支撑，分析道路拥堵状态的时空演化规律。结果表明：①路网平均行程速度的时间分布特征具有高度相似性，且工作日与休息日分布差异大；②工作日高峰时段拥堵区域分布主要以老城区为主。休息日总体上呈现离散分布趋势，且晚高峰时段交通状况比早高峰更拥堵；③工作日早高峰交通拥堵路段呈由中心核心区逐渐向外围扩散的趋势，晚高峰呈由外围向中心核心区聚拢趋势。休息日早高峰不明显，晚高峰呈现由外围区域向内聚拢趋势。基于上述时空演化规律，从城市功能分散、城市道路网、城市空间发展、城市公交系统等方面讨论了贵阳市城市道路交通优化调整对策。

THE TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION TO THE STATE OF ROAD CONGESTION BASED ON BIG DATA OF TAXI GPS IN GUIYANG CITY

The ArcGIS space model is established to calculate the average travel speed and divide the average travel speed level of road sections with the data of Taxi GPS and road network data of urban centers in Guiyang. The temporal and spatial laws of the traffic flow in the center of Guiyang are proposed with the spatial visualization of the spatial database and spatial analysis for ArcGIS software and the evolution processes of the temporal and spatial distribution for the traffic congestion are analyzed based on the average travel speeds of road sections for the taxis. The results show:1) The time distribution characteristics of the average travel speeds for the road network is highly similar, and it is greatly different between working day and rest day. The peak period of the working day is in the morning 6:30-10:00 period and in the evening 16:00-20:00 period and there is obvious regularity and variation for the average travel speeds of road sections in the morning and evening peak. On the rest day, the variation in morning peak is not obvious and the evening peak occurs in the 16:00-19:00 period. 2) In the peak of the working day, the congestion areas are mainly located in the inner city. The traffic states in the periphery area of Guiyang are much better than that in the inner city. Between the working day and the rest day, there is obvious difference for the spatial distribution of the average travel speed of road sections. 3) The congestion distribution of the road sections shows a trend of gradual diffusion from the inner area to the periphery area in the morning peak and gradual aggregation from the periphery area to the inner area in the evening peak.