山西古村镇类型及社会记忆符号系统研究

社会记忆是依附于社会群体产生的一种趋同性的社会文化符号。本研究利用结构主义符号学的分析方法,通过“要素体-因子层-属性脉”的三维层次构建社会记忆的符号系统,基于中国传统社会生产、生活方式的视角,从地脉、人脉、文脉的“三脉”属性对古村镇的类型及特征进行解读,发现：①“农”型古村镇社会记忆的宜农宜居、望族乡贤、天人合一的三脉属性符号特征明显;②“商”型古村镇具有对外通达的地脉记忆,精致讲究的文脉记忆和名商名士的人脉记忆;③“军”型古村镇的社会记忆在据险扼要、防御之上、将军传奇的三脉属性特征更加突出;④“工”型古村镇具有矿藏丰富、炉旺风顺、匠人传奇的特色社会记忆的符号特征。

RESEARCH OF ANCIENT VILLAGES AND TOWNS TYPES ON SOCIAL MEMORY SYMBOLS SYSTEM: A CASE OF SHANXI PROVINCE

Social memory is a kind of convergent cultural symbols inherited by social groups with productive activities and links to life under certain circumstance with either tangible or intangible elements. Thus, social memory can be characterized by homoplasy and cultural semiotic system involving in social life, customs, emotions and faiths. It is also inherited as a special semiotic tool for people to conveniently communicate and organize within specific groups. Ancient towns and villages are the earliest settlement for humans and regarded as a way of dwelling and formulating social groups with the longest history. They have the peculiar function of social memory as the fossil of traditional Chinese society with thousands years of agricultural civilization. The current research mainly focuses on the interpretation of the types and characteristics of ancient villages and towns by adopting the methods of historical time section, historical literature analysis and GIS spatial analysis. We also used structural semiotic analysis method to divide the social memory symbols into two categories such as "material elements" and "non-material elements". The semiotic system of social memory is established through a three dimensional structure of "factors, sub-factors and properties". The types and characteristics of villages and towns were analyzed by the features of geography and people within specific groups with different cultures. Our findings revealed that the ancient towns and villages in China could be classified with four fundamental types of labor division including "farmers", "merchants" "military" and "craftsmen".