论文化生态学的理论发展与新构架

本文本着批判地吸收不同学科领域有关文化生态的理论和方法,在系统论与生态观的指导下,积极发挥地理学研究文化生态学的优势,对文化生态学从基本概念到核心理论进行了重构,阐发了以文化生态系统为其研究对象、现代文化生态学的宏观、中观、微观研究领域观点。试图籍此完善文化生态学的理论体系并进一步增强其实践性。

DISCUSSION ON THE THEORY FRAMEWORK OF CULTURAL ECOLOGY

Though studies on Cultural Ecology have been rapidly developed and wid ely applied in cultural anthropology, cultural sociology, landscape ecology and cultural geography in the last half century, the systemic theory of cultural eco logy has not been formed by now. All those theories, which construct the main th eories of cultural ecology, are simpler than the specialty sound system. The paper reviews the characteristics of above theories and their develop ment. The author considers that the culture-ecology adaptation theory (created b y Julian. H. Steward in 1955) is the basis of modern Cultural Ecology. Chinese scholars on this theory have made much demonstration. In the recent 20 years, la ndscape ecology has paid more attention to cultural signification to landscapes' reform and gives some relation principles of culture and landscape that benefit to cultural ecology. Geography researchers regard human being sphere as one of the earth first systems and advance the theories below. The relation between hum an being and the earth has always been the central question in geography, but it is neither systemic nor fitting to the whole of cultural ecology with its level and emphases. In order to strengthen the independence of cultural ecology and to stand out the advantages of cultural geography, the author integrates all these theor ies and constructs a new theory system of modern cultural ecology. In this syste m, cultural landscape, cultural community, cultural ecology system, cultural adv ance and cultural region are considered its important conceptions. Cultural ecol ogy system is determined to be the object of the study of cultural ecology. As m ain bodies of the systemic theory, system structure theory, ecology function the ory and landscape influence theory are discussed particularly.