高级人才成材因素的初步研究--中国科学院院士成材背景的统计分析

中国科学院院士时空分布的主要特点是：(1)空间上以水域广阔、特别是水域面积／山地面积较大的地方为多，主要是东南沿海地区，尤其是江浙一带；(2)时间上以20世纪初出生者最多，这主要是教育、历史及院士增选过程的原因。以上特点是自然地理环境、经济水平、教育水平、家庭背景以及悠久的历史文化背景等因素综合作用的结果。本文系统地考察了中国科学院院士成材的背景，用统计分析的方法探讨了我国高级人才的分布规律，指出自然因素、经济一文化因素和教师、家庭等对高级人才成长的影响机制，为科教兴国战略的实施提供参考和依据。

PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE FACTORS ON SENIOR INTELLECIUALS' SUCCESS--Statistic Analysis of the Success Background of Members in Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)

There are two different distribution characteristics of Academicians: 1) From space aspect, most of them concentrate on water areas, especially the water area to mountainous area ratio is high. The concentrated talented persons areas are littoral in East and South China, especially Jiangsu and Zhejiang province. 2) From time aspect, academicians were mostly born in early time of the 20th century, this phenomena is due to the historical reason, educational reason and the process of academicians' election. These characteristics are effected by geographical environment, economic condition, educational level, family background and centuries-old history and cultural background. By using statistical analysis method, this paper investigates the CAS members' success background, illustrates the distribution of Chinese senior intellectuals and concludes that the mechanisms of influence are natural factor, economical cultural factor and the influence of teachers and parents. The models show that the ratio of academicians' success has high positive correlation with the economic development of their native places and the ratio of water areas and has negative correlation with the ratio of mountain areas. Moreover, we can conclude that for senior intellectuals themselves, teachers are the most crucial facors affecting their successes, and fathers (among which most are teachers and intellectuals) affected more largely than mothers. The financial condition of families is important to children's growth. The university education and the experience of studying abroad are necessary. The results help to provide some consultations and bases to implement the Science and Education Strategy.