社区参与和旅游社区一体化研究

社区参与被视为旅游业可持续发展的重要内容和环节,但由于社区参与在实施过程中受到社区经济发展水平、体制、政策、居民价值观念等诸多因素的影响,制约了社区参与的程度和效果。本文从这一角度出发,对社区一体化思想理念的形成、内涵、思想构架和制约因素进行了深入阐述,旨在为我国社区参与的有效实施和社区旅游的可持续发展提供理论参考。

STUDY ON COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION AND COMMUNITY INTEGRATION IN TOURISM

Community participation in tourism is regarded as the critical and indispensable way for sustainable development. Although it is a non-traditional but a political decisive progress, community participation can't generate direct profits to the community residents automatically. Due to the influence of regional economy, local policies and residents' value system etc, it is hard to obtain the expected result in community tourism development. Therefore, the article tries to explore the connotation and theoretical framework of community integration. The author thinks that community integration should not be an isolated progress. It has close ties with tourism planning and tourism impact. The paper puts much emphasis on the principal elements affecting community integration: (1) Community members are willing to cooperate with each other, which is the basic premise for community integration. The core of community integration is that community residents as a unity take part in the tourism development and benefit from the tourism industry equally. Whether local residents are willing to cooperate with each other depends on their attitude to community tourism. (2) Community members can attain equal distribution of local benefits in terms of revenues and employment, which is the motivation of community integration. Revenues and employment from tourism industry are the two key factors, which indicate the tourist effects on community residents. (3) Local residents have a relatively high degree of control and management of tourism service. Because individual ability of community residents is limited, many development decisions are generally made by the tourism enterprises. Tourism community can take some measures, such as developing collective economy and stock co-operational economy etc. to strengthen their control power of tourist service enterprises. (4) Community has certain ability of integrating local traditional culture with heterogeneous culture. Tourism development brings changes to traditional life style and modes of thought and brings conflicts between tourist culture and local culture. So community integration must respect, safeguard and develop local traditional culture and strengthen cultural identification of community residents.