20世纪早期美国文化人类学家对麦克尼尔的影响

威廉·哈迪·麦克尼尔是享誉全球的世界史学家。他的《西方的兴起》以文明为单位,把文明之间的交往互动看作社会进步的主要动力,开辟了世界史写作的新视角。麦克尼尔世界史思想的形成受益于20世纪早期美国人类学的研究成果,本文介绍了影响麦克尼尔的人类学家及其思想,探讨麦克尼尔如何将人类学研究成果整合到世界史撰写中,并找到了解释世界史的新方法。

The Influences of American Cultural Anthropologists of the Early 20th Century on William Hardy McNeill

William Hardy McNeill is a renowned historian in the world. His magnum opus The Rise of the West treats civilizations rather than nations as actors on world stage,and emphasizes the interaction among different people as the driving force of history,thus opening a new era of world history writing. McNeill’s ground-breaking thought about world history was nourished especially by the research of American cultural anthropologists in the early 20th century. The present article introduces those anthropologists and their ideas,explores how McNeill incorporated their findings into his writing of world history,and thus finally finds a new perspective to explain the world history.