重庆大足千手观音便携X探伤调查及初步研究

石质文物本体在长期自然风化作用下形成粉化和裂隙等病害,其存在将导致石质雕刻品各部分密度的差异,而泥质镶嵌和包裹引起的材质改变及雕刻品厚度的变化,都将影响X射线的吸收效果。当X射线穿透石质雕刻品时,置于其背面的照相胶片上,将记录由透射X射线产生的潜像,经扫描仪处理,使之转变为显著灰度差的影像,据此分析石质雕刻品金箔包裹的本体病害情况和保存状态。为此,用此技术对重庆大足千手观音进行历时一个多月的X探伤调查。结果显示,千手观音石质雕刻品的金箔包裹本体存在不同程度的风化和裂隙,而其历史上泥质修补及补接状况,也一目了然,从而弥补了传统病害调查的不足。本项调查为大足千手观音的修复保护提供了重要的依据,也可为千手观音的修复史研究提供有价值的信息。

Application of Portable X-ray Radiography to assess the weathering condition of the Avalokitesvara Sculpture in Dazu Rock Carvings

Due to long term natural weathering and human activities, the Avalokitesvara sculpture is suffering from powdering and cracking. Because of this deterioration, the stone carving has density differences in various places. Material changes due to clay mosaics, patching and stone thickness changes all affect the absorption of extent of X-rays. When the X-rays penetrate the stone carving , images were recorded by placing a film on the other side. The image was then scanned to see significant differences in the gray images. From these images, the damage to the stone carvings under the gold foil covering it and their states of conservation could be obtained. In this study, X-ray radiography was used to survey the conditions of Avalokitesvara sculpture for more than a month. The results show that the Avalokitesvara sculpture has different degrees of weathering and fracturing under the gold foil. The underlying muddy patches made in the past and the conservation conditions were all revealed. This X-ray investigation supplements traditional methods of surveying conditions. The application of portable X-ray Radiography to survey the condition of the Avalokitesvara sculpture demonstrates the the utility of this method and also provides valuable information regarding the restoration history of the Avalokitesvara sculpture.