宁夏移民安置区剩余劳动力状态分析

农村剩余劳动力转移是当前社会各界共同关注的问题。本文就宁夏移民安置区这一特殊区域的剩余劳动力产生的背景状态、自身资源状态、输出人员的结构状态及目前的转移状态进行了分析,进而研究了影响移民区剩余劳动力转移的各种因素,提出了加速推进移民区剩余劳动力转移的五条对策,即重视移民区小城市与中心城镇的建设、加速非农产业的发展、加大对劳动力的技能培训、加强对劳务输出的组织与服务、加快体制和制度创新。

AN ANALYSIS ON THE STATUS OF SURPLUS LABOUR FORCE IN NINGXIA IMMIGRATION RESETTLEMENTS

Since 1980s,Ningxia carried out the poverty alleviation immigration and ecological immigration.About 380 thousand people have migrated from the mountain areas of southern Ningxia to the Yanghuang and Yinhuang Irrigation Areas.With the aids of government and immigrants themselves,the immigration solved the problem of food and clothing basically.But on the way of constructing home and striving for a relatively comfortable life,labor industry has become the dominant industry in immigration areas.Due to the single industrial structure,short land resources and rapid population growth,the contradiction between human and land is obvious and the quantity of surplus labor force is large.For these reasons,the paper analyses the status of the surplus labor force and the various kinds of factors influencing the transition of surplus labor force,and then puts forwards some measures to enhance the development of labor industry,raise the immigration income and consolidate the immigration achievement.Some traditional research methods of human geography,such as questionnaire,induction analysis and summary demonstration are adopted in the paper.Research group is divided into two groups,going into twelve immigrant settlement regions and investigating the export destination,quantity,situation,structure,income,existent problem and future desire of surplus labor force over there with statistic method and behavior method.The conclusion shows that there exist some problems in the immigrant regions,such as the small population capacity of environment,the excessive growth of population,the obvious contradiction between human and land,and the single industrial structure.It also points out that the quality of labor force is not high.the culture quality and work skills are not good,the quality of non-intelligence mentality is weak.The youth and males are dominated in the composition status of output labor force,most of who graduated from junior high schools while the development space of females is expanding progressively.And the employed structure gives priority to physical work.At the present time,the transition status of labor force is obvious,and most of people remove to other places and are self-organized.They work on building industry and service trade.Meanwhile,the various kinds of factors which influence the transition of surplus labor force at the immigrant settlement region,such as the expensive cost of transition,the low skills of laborers themselves,the obturation of information,the lack of laborers' treatment and the social security,and the impact of religion and custom,are analyzed.Finally,five measures of promoting the transition of surplus labor forces are advanced on the basis of the above analysis and research,for solving the problems of surplus labor forces in immigration settlements.